The 2022 Census in Scotland significantly changed Data Zone boundaries, historic data has been adjusted to the new boundaries

This LSOA had a complex border change between 2011 and 2021, historical data uses closest matching LSOA

This LSOA was formed in 2021 by merging two LSOAs, historical data has been merged

This LSOA was formed in 2021 by splitting two LSOAs, historical data has been split

At some point this LSOA has had zero residents

In some years this LSOA has an unusually large number of company cars

This page provides a summary of the LSOA level domestic gas and electricity consumption data published by the Department of Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ).

Historical household energy emissions

This chart shows the annual household emissions from this neighbourhood for gas, electricity, and other heating fuel. We have very limited data on other heating fuels such as oil or wood and so these emissions are estimated.

Neighbourhood-level emissions trends show whether an area is on track: falling emissions may reflect grid decarbonisation rather than local action, so compare gas (heating) trends specifically when judging retrofit progress.

As for the postcode chart, but aggregated to the neighbourhood (LSOA): metered consumption multiplied by annual national emissions factors. Metered energy data comes from the DESNZ (formerly BEIS) sub-national gas and electricity consumption statistics. Figures are annual totals that are not weather-corrected, so cold years read high. Areas with very few meters are suppressed for privacy, and non-metered fuels (oil, LPG, solid fuel) are not included. See the manual for details.

Use the drop down menu to select either total, median, or mean consumption.

Chart type:

Typical energy bills

This chart shows the typical annual household energy bills for domestic buildings in this neighbourhood. Bills are calculated based on local consumption and typical pricing data. We have very limited data on other heating fuels such as oil or wood and so these bills are estimated.

Energy bills make retrofit tangible: neighbourhoods with high bills are where efficiency investment does most to reduce fuel poverty. Bill estimates can support the targeting of schemes such as the Warm Home Discount, ECO, and local crisis support.

Bills are estimated by applying average annual unit prices and standing charges (based on the Ofgem price cap and historical tariff data) to metered consumption. Actual bills vary with tariff, payment method and supplier; the estimate assumes a standard tariff.

Historical gas consumption

This chart shows domestic buildings' annual gas consumption in kilowatt hours in this neighbourhood. Note that some areas are off the gas grid, so no emissions are reported. In these places, heating may be provided by some other fuel type, such as coal, wood, or oil.

A sustained fall in neighbourhood gas consumption is the clearest signal of successful fabric retrofit and heat electrification. Flat trends suggest little progress despite national targets.

Metered energy data comes from the DESNZ (formerly BEIS) sub-national gas and electricity consumption statistics. Figures are annual totals that are not weather-corrected, so cold years read high. Areas with very few meters are suppressed for privacy, and non-metered fuels (oil, LPG, solid fuel) are not included. See the manual for details. Figures are neighbourhood totals and averages across mains gas meters only.

Use the drop down menu to select either total, median, or mean consumption.

Chart type:

Historical electricity consumption

This chart shows the annual electricity consumption in kilowatt hours by domestic buildings in this neighbourhood.

Neighbourhood electricity trends inform local network investment and reveal early clusters of heat pump and EV adoption where consumption rises against the national efficiency trend.

Use the drop down menu to select either total, median, or mean consumption.

Chart type:

Historical gas and electricity meters

This chart shows this neighbourhood's total number of domestic gas and electricity meters.

The gas/electric meter balance defines the retrofit starting point: off-gas neighbourhoods (few gas meters) are natural early candidates for heat pumps, while heavily gas-heated areas need coordinated transition plans.

Meter counts from the DESNZ sub-national statistics, aggregated to the neighbourhood. Meters do not map one-to-one to households.

Changes in the number of meters may indicate house building/demolition and the difference between gas and electricity meters can indicate the presence of off-gas grid homes.

This page summarises the Domestic Energy Performance Certificates from 2025. Since 2008, houses in the UK have had to get an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) when they are sold or rented. An EPC requires a qualified assessor to visit the dwelling and take measurements of the building's construction and energy efficiency, which makes EPCs a valuable tool for understanding the energy use and carbon emissions from our homes. However, EPCs have significant problems. Research has shown that the EPC grades are not great at predicting real-world energy use and that as many as 60% of EPCs contain at least one error.

EPCs are also not a representative sample of houses as they are only required under specific circumstances (e.g., when a house is sold). EPCs are likely to under-estimate the uptake of retrofit measures, as many people make home improvements just after buying a house. Thus, the EPC may be out of date shortly after it is issued. For all these reasons, EPC data should be treated with care. We have chosen to include it here as it is the best available data and helps draw attention to the low quality of housing data in the UK.

EPC ratings

The EPC score is the headline result rating homes on a scale from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient). To meet the climate targets, we need all homes to be A or B graded as soon as possible.

EPC bands underpin much of housing policy: minimum standards for rented homes (currently E, with proposals to raise this to C; see the minimum energy efficiency standard), lender targets, and grant eligibility. Concentrations of D to G rated homes mark priority areas for area-based retrofit schemes.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency (Hardy & Glew 2019). See the manual for details. The band reflects modelled running costs rather than carbon, so electrically heated homes can score worse than gas heated ones despite lower emissions, a known limitation of the current EPC methodology.

Building type

A summary of the types of domestic buildings.

Built form shapes the retrofit package: flats need whole-building and freeholder coordination, terraces suit street-by-street schemes, and detached homes have more external wall area to insulate. Knowing the local mix helps design deliverable programmes.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. Built form is recorded by the assessor at inspection.

Tenure

A summary of tenure as recorded on the EPC. Note that tenure may have changed since the certificate was issued. EPCs are required whenever a property is let but only at the point of sale for owner-occupied homes, so rental properties tend to be over-represented in EPC data.

Tenure determines who can act: owner-occupiers respond to advice and finance offers, private landlords to minimum standards, and social landlords can retrofit at portfolio scale. Private-rented concentrations are where enforcement of standards matters most.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. Tenure is self-reported at assessment and may lag changes of ownership or letting. Rented homes are over-represented in EPC data because letting triggers a certificate.

Building Age

A summary of the estimated construction date of dwellings.

Construction age predicts fabric: pre-1919 homes usually have solid walls needing costlier insulation, interwar and post-war homes often have unfilled cavities (a cheap win), and homes since the 1990s need little fabric work. Age profiles help size and cost local retrofit plans.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. Age band is assessed from construction evidence and records; for older properties it is sometimes an estimate.

Walls rating

About 35% of heat is lost through a house's walls, so insulating the walls is an excellent way to reduce energy use. Most homes built after the 1920s have cavity walls that are easy and cheap to insulate with blown glass fibre wool. However, care must be taken to install the insulation correctly to prevent damp crossing the cavity, particularly in places that get driving rain or have stone cavity walls. In these properties, expanding foam of polystyrene bead insulation can be more expensive but reduce the risk of damp and mould growth. Older homes with solid walls require either external or internal insulation. These options are more expensive than cavity wall insulation, and internal insulation requires redecoration of the rooms.

Fabric-first retrofit, insulating walls, roofs, floors, and windows before changing the heating system, cuts bills and emissions while improving comfort and health. Walls are the largest heat loss surface in most homes, so this data helps councils target area-based schemes (such as ECO flexible eligibility and social housing retrofit programmes) at the streets where poor wall performance is concentrated.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. Wall energy ratings are the assessor's judgement of thermal performance from construction type and visible insulation.

Walls description

A description of the construction of the external walls. The most common type is the brick or block cavity wall, which is cheap and easy to insulate with cavity wall insulation. Other wall types require more expensive internal or external insulation.

Wall construction dictates the measure: unfilled cavities can be insulated cheaply, while solid walls need internal or external insulation costing ten times more. The local cavity/solid split largely determines neighbourhood retrofit costs.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. Wall construction is identified visually by the assessor and can be wrong where walls are rendered or clad.

Roof rating

About a quarter of a home's heat is lost through the roof. For homes with pitched roofs, loft insulation is one of the cheapest and easiest efficiency measures, and uptake has been reasonably high thanks to its low cost and past government incentives. However, many homes have less than the recommended 300mm of insulation, and flat roofs remain difficult to insulate. Dwellings with another dwelling above, such as most flats, have no roof of their own and are recorded as "Dwelling Above"; only the top floor flat has a roof rating.

Loft insulation is one of the cheapest carbon measures available, with materials costing far less than the energy it saves, so remaining poorly rated roofs are quick wins for advice services and small grants. Room-in-roof conversions and flat roofs cost more to treat and suit whole-house retrofit plans. Roof condition data helps schemes such as ECO find the homes where a cheap measure is still missing.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. 'Above' means another dwelling is above (common for flats), so the dwelling has no roof of its own to insulate.

Roof Description

The type of roof affects how the building can be insulated. Pitched roofs are the easiest to insulate, while flat roofs are harder to insulate.

Loft insulation is among the cheapest retrofit measures with fast payback; room-in-roof conversions and flat roofs are harder and dearer. The roof-type mix indicates how much of the neighbourhood can take the easy win.

Floor rating

Around 15% of a home's heat is lost through the floor. EPCs are especially poor at recording floor construction, so there is often missing data. Many homes built before the 1950s have suspended timber floors, which are relatively simple to insulate by fixing insulation to the underside from the crawl space or by lifting the floorboards. Homes built after the 1960s more often have solid concrete floors, which are difficult to insulate: the options are digging out the slab or insulating on top of it, which raises the floor level. This classification applies to ground floor properties, so flats are often recorded as "Dwelling Below".

Floor insulation is usually the last fabric measure worth doing: suspended timber floors can be insulated affordably where there is access beneath, while solid floors are rarely worth treating outside major renovation. In retrofit planning, floor data mostly refines whole-house assessments rather than driving area-based schemes.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. 'Below' means another dwelling is below, so there is no exposed floor to insulate.

Floor Description

Ground floors of homes typically come in two types. Suspended floors are raised slightly above ground level and outside air can circulate in the void beneath the floor to prevent mould and damp. This was common for homes built before the 1940s. Conversely solid floors are built directly on the ground usually of concrete and are more common in post-1940s homes. Both floor types can result in heat loss if not insulated, but the way the floors are insulated is different. This chart shows the distribution of different floor types.

Suspended timber floors can be insulated from below where there is access; solid floors are rarely worth insulating except during major works. Floor data mostly refines whole-house retrofit plans rather than driving them.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. Floor construction is often inferred rather than inspected, so this is one of the less reliable EPC fields.

Windows rating

Around 10% of heat is lost through windows and doors. Most houses now have double-glazing, although many have the less efficient early forms of double-glazing. New double or triple glazing is an expensive option for energy saving. However, it is often installed as it is perceived to add value to the property.

Full window replacement is an expensive way to save energy, so policy attention focuses on the remaining single glazed homes, where the gains are largest and where conservation area rules may require secondary glazing or slim-profile units instead (Historic England advice). Draught proofing around existing windows and doors delivers much of the comfort benefit at a fraction of the cost.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. Window ratings reflect glazing type and frame condition as judged by the assessor.

Glazing type

A summary of the type of glazing used.

Single-glazed concentrations flag both energy loss and often conservation-area constraints, where secondary glazing or slim-profile double glazing may be needed. Most of Britain is already double glazed, so remaining single glazing marks specific hard-to-treat pockets.

Main heating system rating

This chart shows the efficiency rating of heating systems. An efficient heating system uses less energy than an inefficient system to provide the same amount of heating. Note that a very efficient heating system may not be low carbon. For example a modern condensing gas boiler has an efficiency of over 90% yet is it still a high carbon heating source as it is fuelled by gas. For more details see the heating descriptions below.

Heating system efficiency ratings identify where boiler upgrades or heat pumps would most cut bills and emissions. Poor ratings cluster with old boilers, room heaters and electric storage heating.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. The rating scores the system's efficiency, not its carbon: efficient gas boilers rate well despite burning fossil fuel.

Main heating system description

Most homes in England have gas central heating, usually with a condensing boiler. Properly installed and maintained, these are over 90% efficient, but gas is a fossil fuel, so gas boilers need to be replaced with low carbon heating such as heat pumps. Heat pumps are far more efficient than any boiler but cost more to install (very roughly £10,000, against £2,000 for a replacement gas boiler), which is why the Boiler Upgrade Scheme offers grants. Off the gas grid, homes heated by oil boilers, storage heaters, or coal fires face both high carbon emissions and high running costs, so heat pumps can be financially attractive sooner.

The heating-system mix defines the decarbonisation route: boiler-dominated areas need heat pump conversion at scale, storage-heater areas can switch to modern electric heating more easily, and communal systems suit heat networks. Heat pump counts show how far the transition has actually progressed.

Main fuel description

Description of the main type of heating fuel used in the home.

Main heating fuel splits the housing stock into policy groups: mains-gas homes await heat pumps or heat networks; oil, LPG and coal homes have the highest emissions and often qualify for off-gas support; electric homes need efficiency and tariff help rather than fuel switching.

Heating Control Rating

Heating controls help save energy by turning off the heating when it is not needed. Common types of heating control include thermostats, timers, and Thermostatic Radiator Valves (TRVs). Upgrading heating controls can be a low-cost way to get a small reduction in energy use.

Better controls (thermostats, TRVs, programmers, smart zoning) are among the cheapest carbon savings available and can be delivered without disruption. Poor-control concentrations are quick wins for advice and small-grant schemes.

Heating Control Description

Heating controls come in many combinations, and the most common are shown in this chart. A good heating system has a programmer, so you can decide when the heating runs; a thermostat, so the heating turns off once the house is warm; and Thermostatic Radiator Valves (TRVs) for room-by-room adjustment. More sophisticated systems add heating zones, enabling different settings in different parts of the home.

The specific control setup shows what is missing: homes lacking thermostatic radiator valves or a room thermostat can usually add them for tens of pounds with immediate savings.

Hot water system rating

The energy efficiency of the hot water system is rated from Very Good to Very Poor.

Hot water is a modest but universal energy use. Cylinder insulation and modern controls are cheap improvements, and hot-water demand matters for sizing heat pumps.

Hot water system description

A description of how hot water is provided. The most common approach is for hot water to be provided by the main heating system. However some homes have separate space and water heating systems.

How water is heated affects the retrofit route: homes with cylinders can add solar thermal or smart hot-water storage, while combi-boiler homes will need space found for a cylinder when converting to a heat pump.

Lights Rating

Lighting is one of the easiest efficiency measures to adopt: modern LED bulbs are highly efficient and affordable. Since the phased bans on inefficient bulbs in 2016 and 2021, low-energy lighting has become the norm, though this may not yet show in EPC data because certificates can be several years out of date.

Low-energy lighting is the simplest efficiency measure and now near-universal in assessed homes; remaining poor ratings usually indicate homes not assessed for many years.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. The rating reflects the share of fixed light fittings with low-energy lamps at assessment.

Solar Photovoltaics

Solar PV panels generate electricity from sunlight. While the cost of PV panels has dropped significantly in recent years the cost of installing them on the roof of a building can still be high. Homes with solar panels can use the electricity or sell it to the grid.

Rooftop solar cuts bills and grid demand, and uptake is highly uneven between neighbourhoods. Councils can enable group-buying schemes and require PV on new homes; the current very low percentages show the scale of the remaining opportunity.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. Solar PV is only recorded when present at assessment, so panels installed after a home's last certificate are missed; true uptake is likely higher than shown.

Solar Thermal

Solar Thermal panels provide hot water from sunlight. Often in the UK they are pre-heating the water and some other technology (such as immersion heater) is needed to bring the water up to full temperature. However, they can be a cost effective way to reduce energy demand for hot water even on cloudy days.

Solar water heating is a mature but niche technology, largely superseded by PV plus immersion diverters or heat pumps. Existing systems are still worth maintaining for their hot-water savings.

Data comes from the domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) register, cleaned and matched to neighbourhoods via UPRNs. Coverage is partial: only dwellings sold, let, or built since 2008 have a certificate (roughly two-thirds of homes), so owner-occupied and older homes are under-represented. Certificates reflect the most recent assessment, which may be years old, and assessor judgement introduces some inconsistency. See the manual for details. As with PV, systems installed after a home's last assessment are not captured.

This section shows property price data for the selected area based on the Land Registry Price Paid data. This includes domestic and non-domestic properties. Data is only available for England and Wales.

Property Prices

A plot showing the distribution of property prices in the area over time. The maximum price line is hidden by default as it can overwhelm the chart. You can enable it by clicking on the legend. Note that this chart is only showing data about properties sold in a given year and so prices may fluctuate based on how many properties and which properties are sold.

House prices contextualise retrofit: high-value areas can often self-finance improvements, while low-value areas may face a viability gap where the cost of works exceeds the value uplift, justifying public subsidy. Energy efficiency is increasingly reflected in prices and mortgage lending.

Prices come from HM Land Registry Price Paid Data (England and Wales), matched to neighbourhoods via UPRN address geocoding. Only actual transactions are recorded, not valuations, so thin markets produce volatile averages, and Scotland is not covered by this dataset.

The upper and lower quartile lines in light blue show the interquartile range of property prices in each year. 50% of properties in each year fall within this range.

Transactions

A chart showing the number of property transactions in the area over time.

Transaction volumes indicate market activity and the natural trigger points at which retrofit is easiest to require or encourage: a sale is when surveys happen, finance is arranged, and building work is most likely, which is why proposals such as minimum standards at the point of sale and green mortgages focus on that moment.

Transaction counts come from HM Land Registry Price Paid Data (England and Wales). New-build and repossession sales have specific flags; some transaction types (e.g. right-to-buy, transfers not at market value) are excluded from the dataset.

Variable	Value
Rating	{cur_rate} {cur_ee}/{per_ee}
Building type	{b_type} {p_type}
Building Age	{age}
Tenure	{tenure}
Last Assessed	{year}
Floor area	{area} (m2)
Roof	{roof_d} ({roof_ee})
Walls	{wall_d} ({wall_ee})
Floor	{floor_d} ({floor_ee})
Windows	{wind_d} ({wind_ee})
Heating	{heat_d} ({heat_ee})
Heating Fuel	{fuel}
Heating Controls	{con_d} ({con_ee})
Hot water	{water_d} ({water_ee})
Lights	{light_ee}
Solar Water Heating	{sol_wat}
Solar PV	{pv}

Variable	Value
Last Sold	{date}
Price Last Sold	{price}
Price 2024 (est)	{price_2024}
Property Type	{property_type}
Freehold/Leasehold	{freehold}

Variable	Value
Rating	{band} ({rating})
Building type	{type}
Transaction	{transaction}
Last Assessed	{year}
Floor area	{area} (m2)
Fuel	{fuel}

Variable	Value
Last Sold	{date}
Price Last Sold	{price}
Price 2024 (est)	{price_2024}
Property Type	{property_type}
Freehold/Leasehold	{freehold}

Variable	Value
Exists	{exists}
New since 2020	{newbuild}

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Postcode Summary: XXXXX

Historical domestic gas and electricity emissions

Historical gas consumption

Historical electricity consumption

Historical gas and electricity meters

Neighbourhood Summary

Historical household energy emissions

Typical energy bills

Historical gas consumption

Historical electricity consumption

Historical gas and electricity meters

EPC ratings

Building type

Tenure

Building Age

Walls rating

Walls description

Roof rating

Roof Description

Floor rating

Floor Description

Windows rating

Glazing type

Main heating system rating

Main heating system description

Main fuel description

Heating Control Rating

Heating Control Description

Hot water system rating

Hot water system description

Lights Rating

Solar Photovoltaics

Solar Thermal

Property Prices

Transactions

Domestic Property: {address}

Energy Performance Certificate Details

Land Registry Details

Non-Domestic Property: {address}

Energy Performance Certificate Details

Land Registry Details

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