Data

This page provides links to download data from Carbon & Place, together with further information on licensing and methods for data users.

Data Access and Licence

All the bulk data published by Carbon & Place is available to download under the Open Data Commons Attribution License.

You are free:

• To share: To copy, distribute, and use the data.
• To create: To produce works from the data.
• To adapt: To modify, transform, and build upon the data.

As long as you:

• Attribute: You must attribute any public use of the data, or works produced from the data, in the manner specified in the licence. For any use or redistribution of the data, or works produced from it, you must make clear to others the licence of the data and keep intact any notices on the original data.

This licence does not apply to the website, map tiles, or other hosted data, which is only to be used via the official Carbon & Place website. You must not link, embed, scrape or otherwise use the constituent parts of the website.

Source Code

The source code used in the analysis and to build the website is published under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0.

You are free:

• To Share: copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
• To Adapt: remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.

As long as you:

• Attribute: You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
• ShareAlike: If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same licence as the original.

The source code is published on GitHub

Citing Carbon & Place

If you reference Carbon & Place, or use screenshots or extracts from the tools in publications, please cite:

Morgan, M. (2026). Carbon & Place: Data and tools to understand the spatial variation in carbon footprints. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 53(3), 538–554. https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083251401613

Bulk Data Download

For data from the original Place-Based Carbon Calculator see its data page.

Data from the original CREDS Place-Based Carbon Calculator

Outputs from other Carbon & Place tools are coming soon.

Experimental Data Releases

As Carbon & Place is undergoing a major update, many of the new tools are in an experimental stage. Experimental data releases are a bulk version of the data available in the Carbon & Place. However, these should be treated with care as they may contain errors. Once tools have been finalised, experimental data releases will be replaced with bulk data downloads.

Experimental datasets are zipped and named by date of creation (e.g. yyyymmdd).

New Place-Based Carbon Calculator

Transport Accessibility Explorer

Retrofit Explorer

Land Ownership Explorer

No data at this time.

Land Use and Planning Explorer

No data at this time.

General

Third-Party Data Sources

Carbon & Place is built almost entirely from other people's data. This section lists the third-party datasets used in the analysis, what each one contributes, and where to find it.

Each dataset has two links. Version used points to the copy of the data held in one of our GitHub repos, so you can see exactly which vintage of a dataset the published results were built from. Source points to the original publisher, which is where you should go for the latest version, the full documentation, and the licence terms.

Most open datasets are republished in the inputdata repo. Some are too large for GitHub and are held on that repo's releases page, or are downloaded by the analysis pipeline when it runs. Datasets that cannot be republished, because of licensing or because access is restricted to approved researchers, are described but not held in inputdatasecure, which records the exact files used and how to obtain them.

Licence terms vary between datasets. Most are published under the Open Government Licence, but you should check with the original publisher before reusing anything listed here.

Geography and boundaries

Population, households and the census

Energy and emissions

Housing and property

Transport

Consumption, income and surveys

Land, buildings and mapping

Copyright and Licensing of Source Data

The Open Data Commons licence described at the top of this page applies only to the bulk data that Carbon & Place is free to relicense. Much of the source data listed above carries its own copyright and its own conditions, and those conditions survive into the tools and into anything you build from them. This section sets out the notices we are required to carry, the conditions that restrict what we and you can do, and the datasets we are not permitted to redistribute.

We are not the licensor of any third-party dataset. Before reusing anything from Carbon & Place, check the terms with the original publisher using the Source links above. Where the notices below give a year, it is the year of the data extract currently in use, and it is updated when an extract is refreshed.

Required attribution and copyright notices

The following notices apply to data used across the Carbon & Place tools. If you reuse our data or screenshots, you must carry the notices relevant to the part you use.

Address data: Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail

Address data is the most heavily restricted data in Carbon & Place, and the restrictions do not come from the government departments that publish the datasets. They come from Ordnance Survey and Royal Mail, whose address products sit underneath.

The property addresses shown in the Retrofit Explorer come from two places. Most come from the Energy Performance Certificate registers, which are published under the Open Government Licence. Others are matched from HM Land Registry Price Paid Data, and those carry an additional condition. Price Paid Data contains address data processed against Ordnance Survey's AddressBase Premium product, which incorporates Royal Mail's PAF database. HM Land Registry sets out the condition as follows:

Royal Mail and Ordnance Survey permit your use of Address Data in the Price Paid Data: for personal and/or non-commercial use; to display for the purpose of providing residential property price information services. If you want to use the Address Data in any other way, you must contact Royal Mail.

Carbon & Place displays this data for the purpose of providing residential property price and energy performance information, on a free, non-commercial research website. If you want to use the address data for anything else, that permission does not pass to you, and you must contact Royal Mail directly.

Two related points are worth stating plainly:

• UPRNs are open, addresses are not. OS Open UPRN gives the location and identifier of every addressable property as open data. The address text that goes with a UPRN is a commercial product, so we publish the UPRN and the location, and the address only where it reaches us through an open register.
• Postcode boundaries cannot be redistributed. The polygons behind the Postcode Gas & Electric layer are Code-Point Polygons, which are copyright of Royal Mail and supplied to us through Digimap for academic use. This is why postcode data is shown on the map but is not offered anywhere on this page for download.

Land Registry data and the Land Ownership Explorer

The Commercial and Corporate Ownership (CCOD) and Overseas Companies Ownership (OCOD) datasets are not open data. They are published under a Land Registry licence that permits use for research and for personal and non-commercial use only, and that requires the licensee to keep records of end users for audit and crime prevention purposes.

Because of this, the Land Ownership Explorer works differently from the rest of the site. It asks for your name before showing the map, it records visits through Google Analytics as a condition of the licence, and its data is not covered by the Open Data Commons licence that applies elsewhere. You must not scrape or bulk download it, and you cannot embed or reproduce its maps or data without written consent. The full terms are set out on the Land Ownership Explorer page, and the privacy notice explains the record keeping.

INSPIRE index polygons are published by HM Land Registry under their own conditions rather than the Open Government Licence, and the geometry remains Ordnance Survey copyright. We use them to help define building footprints and land parcels, and we do not republish them.

Data we cannot redistribute

Some datasets reach the analysis under licences that do not permit us to pass the data on. The results derived from them are published, but the underlying data is not, and the inputdatasecure repo records what to obtain and from whom.

Personal data

Carbon & Place is built from statistics about places, not records about people, and we do not hold personal data about the people who live in the areas we map. Three parts of the site touch data that relates to identifiable properties, and are worth being clear about.

• Energy Performance Certificates describe individual buildings and are published as open data by the government, which operates its own opt-out process for householders who do not want their address included. We show certificates as they appear in the register at the time of our extract. If you have opted out since then, your certificate will disappear from our tools when we next rebuild. We do not publish postcodes with certificate records, and property points are randomly displaced by a small distance so that a point on the map is not an exact location.
• Property sale prices come from the public Price Paid register and relate to transactions, not to named individuals. Price Paid Data does not identify buyers or sellers, and users of it have an obligation under the Open Government Licence to ensure their use does not breach the Data Protection Act 2018.
• Survey microdata from the Living Costs and Food Survey and the National Travel Survey is used only to build synthetic households. No real household from either survey is published, and no output is traceable to a survey respondent.

For how this website handles data about you as a visitor, see the privacy notice.

If you reuse data from Carbon & Place

• The Open Data Commons Attribution License applies to the bulk downloads offered on this page, and to nothing else. It does not apply to the map tiles, the Land Ownership Explorer, or any other part of the site.
• Carry the notices in the table above that are relevant to the data you have taken, and pass the same requirement on to anyone you share it with.
• Our licence cannot grant you rights we do not hold. Where a third party's conditions are stricter than ours, theirs apply, and address data in particular does not become freely reusable by passing through us.
• If your intended use is commercial, or goes beyond displaying property information, go back to the original publisher and license the data directly.
• If you think we have misattributed a dataset or have got a licence condition wrong, please tell us and we will correct it.